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This guide describes the installation of '''Asterisk''' and '''FreePBX''' on '''Ubuntu 22.04 LTS'''. The procedure includes system preparation, dependency installation, Asterisk compilation and configuration, PHP and web-server configuration, and installation of FreePBX.

A custom installation of FreePBX may differ from a pre-built FreePBX distribution. In particular, some modules or administrative components that are normally included or configured in a complete FreePBX distribution may not be present after a manual installation.

One such component is the '''Admin Module'''. The Admin Module provides a web-based interface for managing various aspects of a FreePBX system, including users, permissions, system settings, and module administration.

If the Admin Module is unavailable after a custom installation, it may need to be installed separately. Administrative operations can also be performed through the FreePBX command-line interface (CLI) or by modifying configuration files directly. Consequently, some functionality normally available through the FreePBX web interface may require additional configuration when FreePBX is installed manually.

== Prerequisites ==
The procedure assumes the following:

·        A fresh installation of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.

·        Root or sudo access to the server.

·        Internet connectivity for downloading packages and source code.

·        A server with sufficient resources to compile and run Asterisk and FreePBX.

== Step 1: Update the system ==
The system should first be updated so that installed packages are current.

apt-get update -y

apt-get upgrade -y

== Step 2: Set the hostname ==
Set the hostname of the server to freepbx:

hostnamectl set-hostname freepbx

nano /etc/hosts

Add the appropriate IP address, hostname, and DNS or domain name entries to /etc/hosts.

The exact entries depend on the network configuration of the server.

== Step 3: Configure swap space ==
Swap space can be configured to provide additional virtual memory and help prevent memory exhaustion during software compilation and operation.

First, check the current swap, memory, and disk configuration:

sudo swapon --show

free -h

df -h

Create a 2 GB swap file:

sudo fallocate -l 2G /swapfile

ls -lh /swapfile

Set the appropriate permissions:

sudo chmod 600 /swapfile

ls -lh /swapfile

Initialize and enable the swap file:

sudo mkswap /swapfile

sudo swapon /swapfile

sudo swapon --show

free -h

Back up the existing /etc/fstab file:

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Add the swap file to /etc/fstab so that it is automatically enabled after a reboot:

echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

The Linux virtual-memory parameters can be adjusted in /etc/sysctl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Add the following values:

vm.swappiness=10

vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50

The resulting configuration can be inspected with:

cat /etc/sysctl.conf

== Step 4: Reboot the system ==
Reboot the server to apply the system configuration changes:

reboot

== Step 5: Install Asterisk ==
Install the packages required to compile Asterisk and provide several of its optional components:

apt-get install unzip git sox gnupg2 curl libnewt-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev subversion libsqlite3-dev build-essential libjansson-dev libxml2-dev libedit-dev uuid-dev subversion -y

Download the current Asterisk 20 source archive:

wget <nowiki>http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-20-current.tar.gz</nowiki>

Extract the archive:

tar -xvzf asterisk-20-current.tar.gz

Change to the extracted Asterisk source directory:

cd asterisk-20.*

Download the MP3 source required for MP3 support:

contrib/scripts/get_mp3_source.sh

Install the Asterisk prerequisite packages:

contrib/scripts/install_prereq install

Configure the Asterisk build:

./configure

Open the Asterisk module-selection interface:

make menuselect

Compile and install Asterisk:

make -j2

make install

make samples

make config

ldconfig

The -j2 option instructs make to use two parallel jobs during compilation. The number can be adjusted according to the available CPU resources.

== Step 6: Configure Asterisk ==
A dedicated system user and group are used to run Asterisk.

Create the Asterisk group:

groupadd asterisk

Create the Asterisk system user:

useradd -r -d /var/lib/asterisk -g asterisk asterisk

Add the Asterisk user to the audio and dialout groups:

usermod -aG audio,dialout asterisk

Change ownership of the Asterisk configuration, library, log, and spool directories:

chown -R asterisk.asterisk /etc/asterisk

chown -R asterisk.asterisk /var/{lib,log,spool}/asterisk

chown -R asterisk.asterisk /usr/lib/asterisk

Edit the Asterisk default configuration:

nano /etc/default/asterisk

Set the following values:

AST_USER="asterisk"

AST_GROUP="asterisk"

The Asterisk configuration file can also be used to specify the user and group under which the Asterisk process operates:

nano /etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf

Set the following values:

runuser = asterisk

rungroup = asterisk

Restart Asterisk and enable it to start automatically with the system:

systemctl restart asterisk

systemctl enable asterisk

systemctl status asterisk

=== Correct common configuration errors ===
The following commands modify the Asterisk CDR and CEL configuration files to correct common RADIUS-related configuration issues:

sed -i 's";\[radius\]"\[radius\]"g' /etc/asterisk/cdr.conf

sed -i 's";radiuscfg => /usr/local/etc/radiusclient-ng/radiusclient.conf"radiuscfg => /etc/radcli/radiusclient.conf"g' /etc/asterisk/cdr.conf

sed -i 's";radiuscfg => /usr/local/etc/radiusclient-ng/radiusclient.conf"radiuscfg => /etc/radcli/radiusclient.conf"g' /etc/asterisk/cel.conf

Start Asterisk and connect to its command-line interface:

systemctl start asterisk

asterisk -rvv

After verifying the Asterisk CLI, leave it with:

exit

== Step 7: Install FreePBX dependencies ==
FreePBX requires a web server, database server, PHP, and several PHP extensions.

Install software-properties-common:

apt install software-properties-common

Add the Ondřej Surý PHP repository:

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y

Install Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB, PHP 7.4, and the required PHP extensions:

apt install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4 php-pear php7.4-cgi php7.4-common php7.4-curl php7.4-mbstring php7.4-gd php7.4-mysql php7.4-bcmath php7.4-zip php7.4-xml php7.4-imap php7.4-json php7.4-snmp -y

=== Configure PHP 7.4 as the default PHP version ===
Disable the currently enabled Apache PHP modules:

sudo a2dismod php*

Enable the PHP 7.4 Apache module:

sudo a2enmod php7.4

Restart Apache:

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Set PHP 7.4 as the default command-line PHP version:

sudo update-alternatives --set php /usr/bin/php7.4

sudo update-alternatives --set phar /usr/bin/phar7.4

sudo update-alternatives --set phar.phar /usr/bin/phar.phar7.4

sudo update-alternatives --set phpize /usr/bin/phpize7.4

sudo update-alternatives --set php-config /usr/bin/php-config7.4

== Step 8: Download and install FreePBX ==
Download the latest FreePBX 16 release available from the specified FreePBX mirror:

wget <nowiki>http://mirror.freepbx.org/modules/packages/freepbx/freepbx-16.0-latest.tgz</nowiki>

Extract the archive:

tar -xvzf freepbx-16.0-latest.tgz

Change to the FreePBX source directory:

cd freepbx

Install Node.js and npm:

apt-get install nodejs npm -y

Run the FreePBX installer:

./install -n

Install the FreePBX PM2 module:

fwconsole ma install pm2

=== Configure Apache ===
Set the Apache process to use the asterisk user and group:

sed -i 's/^\(User\|Group\).*/\1 asterisk/' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Enable Apache directory overrides:

sed -i 's/AllowOverride None/AllowOverride All/' /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Enable Apache URL rewriting:

a2enmod rewrite

Restart Apache:

systemctl restart apache2

== Step 9: Configure PHP ==
The PHP configuration can be adjusted to allow larger uploads and provide additional memory for PHP processes.

For the Apache PHP configuration, modify upload_max_filesize:

sed -i 's/\(^upload_max_filesize = \).*/\512M/' /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini

Apply the same setting to the PHP CLI configuration:

sed -i 's/\(^upload_max_filesize = \).*/\512M/' /etc/php/7.4/cli/php.ini

Set the PHP memory limit for Apache:

sed -i 's/\(^memory_limit = \).*/\1512M/' /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini

Set the PHP CLI memory limit:

sed -i 's/\(^memory_limit = \).*/\1512M/' /etc/php/7.4/cli/php.ini

Restart Apache to apply the PHP configuration:

systemctl restart apache2

== Admin Module considerations ==
A manually compiled installation of Asterisk and a manually installed FreePBX system is different from a pre-built FreePBX distribution. Components that are automatically installed, configured, or maintained by a distribution may therefore require additional configuration.

If the FreePBX '''Admin Module''' is not displayed after installation, the installation should be checked using the FreePBX CLI:

fwconsole moduleadmin

The available modules can also be examined with:

fwconsole ma list

Module installation or activation can be performed through the FreePBX module management commands when the required module is available.

The FreePBX CLI can also be used to perform administrative operations when the corresponding web interface is unavailable.

== Notes ==
This procedure describes a specific custom installation environment and should not be interpreted as a universal installation procedure for every version of FreePBX or Asterisk. Package names, PHP versions, dependencies, repository availability, and compatibility requirements may change between releases.

In particular, '''PHP 7.4 is an end-of-life PHP release'''. Its use should therefore be considered in the context of the specific FreePBX version and compatibility requirements for which this procedure was originally developed. For new deployments, the PHP version supported by the target FreePBX release should be verified before installation.

Likewise, the asterisk-20-current.tar.gz archive refers to the current Asterisk 20 source available from the specified download location at the time of installation. The resulting version may change as new Asterisk 20 rel